vHowever, the Bantu expansion began to spread southwards and at least from
Tanzania down to Zimbabwe
assimilated or incorporated the Cushitic pastoral culture. The distinctive
animal breeds
became heavily crossbred and the languages disappeared or survived only as substrates (e.g. Ma’a)
vAs the Bantu encountered the mixed Khoi-Cushites in western Zambia/Angola a
different process
of cultural assimilation occurred for reasons now unclear. Language shift to Bantu took place, but much more of the NE
African pastoral
culture was retained, including features that were lost among the Khoi, at least when encountered by the first European
incursions.